─上一頁─


華僑商報創刊於一九一九年十月,開始的時候,是馬尼拉中華商會的會刊,一個月出版一次。月刊由當時中華商會秘書于以同先生擔任總編輯,藍琛先生擔任經理,並延聘曾任廈門大學教授黃開宗博士撰述經濟商業文字,以求增進華商的經商知識,並促進華僑團體與僑界人士的團結合作。

當時馬尼拉中華商會會長是僑領李清泉先生。他在一九一九年當選會長,連任六屆,看到那時剛好是第一次世界大戰結束,商業經濟正在復甦,列強競相爭奪市場,商戰異常激烈。菲律賓也是爭取焦點之一。華人在菲既是以商為本,那麼求生存並進一步發展,必定應有充分的商業新學識,及時得到商場變化的消息,才能跟得上時代。這是李清泉先生發起創辦華僑商報的動機。

華僑商報出版的時候,也正當菲華大團結抗爭西文簿記案進入高潮,和在一個很長期間是菲華首要金融機構––中興銀行––創立的時候。那正是菲華社會動盪轉變的關頭。因此也可說商報是生逢其時。

華僑商報月刊出版兩年四個月後,決定改組為日報。月刊最後一期是在一九二二年二月出版。日報由當時實業家吳紀霍先生熱心提倡,招集股本,組成華僑商報出版公司,推舉殷商吳克誠先生為經理,楊忠信先生為司庫。籌備工作於一九二二年四月完成,日報遂和廣大讀者見面。初期每天出版兩張,銷數不滿千份,初時報章上登載的國際新聞,島中時事,都是譯自西報。 日報發刊那一天,社長于以同先生宣佈編輯主旨是: (1) 連絡華僑團體;(2)擴充海外商務;(3)發展祖國實業;(4)灌輸商務知識;(5)傳達商務消息;(6)提倡國民外交;(7)融化勞資階級;(8)指導華僑社會;(9)鼓吹華僑教育發達;(10)促進祖國政治之革新。

 

日報出版五年了後,在菲華報界首創編印畫刊,一九三三年增印周刊。日報內容也不斷改進充實。

  商報同人始終堅持不偏不黨的主旨,故創刊七十七年來,先後多次遭受小撮人士的誹謗破壞。惟幸經得起歷史的考驗,每次事件都終能水落石出,真相大白。所以,早在一九三五年出版十五周年紀念刊時,于以同先生就曾這樣寫過:「本報出世以來,幾經憂患,屢受折磨」,這些都是為了「華僑社會界域之見甚深,是非之辨未明,竟有一時期,本報頓遭忌嫉,謗語繁興,然本報同人,堅定主張,艱難奮鬥,不為強禦,不為惡環境同化,使陰險小人終無以售其技,而海內外正人君子同情於本報之主旨者,且復加以愛護,因此僑界大眾對於本報素來之態度,得更深一層之認識。」

  從那時開始的五十年中,商報在西安事變、抗日戰爭、馬尼拉解放初期華人社會紛爭、朝鮮戰爭、瑜美大廈倒塌、集體轉籍、救災以及越南戰爭等大小事故,都曾經遭受誹謗,商報同人皆能堅持不偏不倚的主旨,每次事件都能化險為夷。且如于以同先生所說的,結果使讀者對商報有更深一層的認識。

  第二次世界大戰爆發後, 一九四一年十二月底,日本軍隊侵佔馬尼拉市。 商報社長于以同先生抗拒日寇復版以充當其御用宣傳工具的要求, 遂遭殺害,殺身成仁。報社業產遭沒收掠劫迨盡。一九四四年盟軍光復馬尼拉, 商報幾經波折,方終於翌年四月十五日于以同烈士就義紀念日在火燼廢墟中復刊。這次一斷出版達三年四個月之久。

  第二次世界大戰以後,商報復版的物質條件異常匱乏, 但在于長城、于長庚、于茵慧與于長籟 諸兄弟姐妹苦力支撐下,並得葉向民陳祖濤等老同事艱苦襄助,逐漸繁榮。到六十年代, 商報銷售報份數額蓋各華文報之冠。先後且恢復出版畫刊與周刊, 並發行馬尼拉工商名錄。這期間, 商報負責人雖然兩度遭蒙冤獄,在諸同事奮勇維持及廣大讀者愛護下,一九七零年于氏兄弟遣送台灣後,更得商報案菲辯護律師 Juan Quijano 出任社長, 律師團及其他律師 Joker P. Arroyo, Juan T. David與 Napoleon Rama 等出任編輯,報份與廣告與日俱增,並未受社長于長城和總編輯于長庚受遣送往台灣事件的影響,始終維持菲華言論機關首位。這一直延續到一九七二年九月廿一日馬科斯實施軍統,商報才同當時所有民間媒介一併被標封停刊。

  馬科斯獨裁政權於一九八六年二月廿五日被人民革命所推翻,馬科斯逃亡美國避難。軍統前各英文報刊與新聞媒介先後在新聞自由環境中復版,商報是唯一復刊的中文報紙,在一九八六年六月十二日菲律賓獨立節日再度與廣大讀者見面。

 



于以同烈士_Yu-Yitung

相關資訊請點選


于故社長長城先生


于總編輯長庚先生



The Chinese Commercial News was established in October, 1919. It began as the monthly newsletter of the Manila Chinese Chamber of Commerce. The editor was Mr. Yu Yi Tung, the secretary general of the Chamber. The business manager was Mr. Na Tim. Dr. Huang Kai Chong, former professor at Xiamen University, was commissioned to write on economic and business issues. This allowed the Chinese businessmen to acquire economic and business knowledge and at the same time gave support to the development of unity and cooperation between overseas Chinese organizations and the community.

The president of the Chinese Chamber was Mr. Dee Cheng Chuan (Dee C. Chuan). He was elected chamber president in 1919 and served 6 consecutive terms. It was the era right after the first world war and a period of much development in the financial and business field. Competition for markets was the order of the day and one of the markets was the Philippines. Since the primary occupation of the Chinese in the Philippines being commerce, to remain in competition and to attain growth, sufficient modern business strategy was necessary. To keep up with the times, up-to-date information of changes in the marketplace was needed. This was the rationale behind the establishment of the Chinese Commercial News by Mr. Dee Cheng Chuan.

  At that time, the Chinese community was united in the fight against the law for the implementation of western accounting method. At the same period saw the emergence of a long-term financial institution -- the China Banking Corporation. It was a turning-point for the Chinese community in the Philippines and we can say that the Chinese Commercial News was a creation of that era.

   The Chinese Commercial News was published as a monthly for 2 years and 4 months, then it was converted to a daily paper. The last issue as a monthly was February, 1922. The daily paper was advocated by business tycoon Mr. Go Ki Hoc. He gathered capital and established the Chinese Commercial News Publishing Co. The wealthy merchant, Mr. Go Kiek Seng was designated as the business manager and Mr. Young Tiong Sin, treasurer. The daily started in April, 1922. At the beginning, it was only 2 pages with circulation of less than a thousand. Foreign and local news were translated from English papers.

In the first issue, Mr. Yu Yi Tung, the publisher, stated the following editorial policies :
1) Coordinate Chinese organizations
2) Expand overseas business
3) Develop business investments in China
4) Disseminate business knowledge
5) Report business news
6) Improve relationship with the local community
7) Eliminate the class difference between capital and labor
8) Provide leadership for the Chinese community
9) Encourage the improvement of education for the local Chinese
10) Support political reforms in China
 

   Five years after the establishment of the daily, it came out with the first pictorial among Chinese newspapers. In 1933, a weekly magazine was added. The contents of the daily continued to improve in quantity and quality.

The men behind the Chinese Commercial News have been steadfast in the principle of "no side, no party" (unbiased and non-partisan).

  In the 77 years of its existence, it has suffered false accusations and attacks from cliques many times. It has weathered the test of history. Each time it was vindicated and truth revealed. As early as 1935, on the 15th anniversary of the paper, Mr. Yu Yi Tung wrote thus "The paper since its establishment has met trials, suffered attacks."all happened because "There is deep differences of opinion in the Chinese community. No clear differentiation of right and wrong. For a time, there were many false accusations against the paper. The paper maintained its principles, struggling in the face of difficulties, not intimidated by force or adverse circumstances. So that those with ulterior motive were unmasked and people of principle everywhere came to sympathize and love the paper. The Chinese community came to know and trust the paper."

   In the fifty years hence, the paper has established its stand in the Xi-An incident, Japanese war, the divisions in the Chinese community after the war, Korean war, Ruby tower tragedy, mass acquisition of Filipino citizenship, calamity relief, the Vietnam war. In big and small events, the paper has faced false accusations, and each time the paper has remained steadfast to its principle of fairness. Each incident was overcome. As Mr. Yu Yi Tung said, each incident allowed the Chinese community to develop its trust.

  When world war II started, the Japanese troops entered Manila on December 1941. The publisher of the Chinese Commercial News, Mr. Yu Yi Tung refused to follow the demand to publish the paper as a propaganda organ of the Japanese. He paid the price with his life. The newspaper was confiscated and closed. When the allied forces liberated Manila in 1944, nothing was left of the paper. But on the following year, on April 15, the date of Mr. Yu Yi Tung*s martyrdom, the paper resumed publication. This disruption of publication lasted for 3 years and 4 months.

  After world war II, the paper resumed publication without financial or material resources. With the hard work of the Yuyitung brothers and sister, Tiong Seng (Quintin), Tiong Kieng (Rizal), Un Hui (Helen ) and Tiong Nay, and the help of faithful colleagues such as Mr. Yeh Hsieh Min and Mr. Tan Cho Tok the paper was able to regain its glorious past. In the 60*s, the paper became the largest circulation Chinese language daily. The pictorial, the weekly magazine were also restored. In addition, the Manila Directory of Trade and Commerce was published. During this period, the prime movers of the papers were jailed twice. Yet the paper did not ceased publication because of the bravery and faithfulness of its colleagues and loyalty of its thousands of readers. When the Yuyitung brothers were forcibly deported to Taiwan, the volunteer legal team in the Chinese Commercial News case took up its cudgels. Mr. Juan Quijano acted as publisher and the other lawyers, Joker P. Arroyo, Juan T. David, Napoleon Rama took over as editors. Circulation and advertising increased. Not intimidated by the deportation of the Yuyitung brothers to Taiwan, the paper continued as the leader and advocate of the Chinese community. This continued until September 21, 1972 when President Marcos declared martial law. The paper was closed and stopped publication just as other Philippine media.

  The people's power revolution of February 25, 1986, brought down the Marcos dictatorship and sent Marcos into exile in the U.S. The ensuring political freedom saw the return of almost all the pre-martial law English newspapers and media. The Chinese Commercial News was the only pre-martial law Chinese-language paper to resume publication. On Philippine Independence day, June 12, 1986, it returned to meet its many readers.